The Wea lived in a village called Ramps (wild onions) AKA Chicago—literally, It stinks.
The Wea Tribe, Waayaahtanonki—Whirlpool People, lived along the Indiana/Illinois border. Some still live in southwestern Indiana, but the largest group is part of the Peoria Tribe (confederacy).
The Beothuk lived in Newfoundland. Hunters and others killed them and destroyed the tribe. The last known Beothuk died in 1829. However, many escaped and hid out with or married into the Mi’kmaq tribe.
Mary Pond 18598-1895 granddaughter of Beothuk woman, Elizabeth
Suzannah Anstey (née Manuel. 1832-1911). Daughter of Beothuk woman, ‘Elizabeth’ & husband Samuel Anstey (1832-1923).
Santu Toney (ca. 1837-1919) (Toney is married name) born in Newfoundland to a Beothuk father, Kop, and Mi’kmaq mother.
Home of Rappahannock Chief George Nelson (1920s & 1930s) who struggled against Walter Plecker and the KKK. The house is on the Rappahannock Reservation in Indian Neck, Virginia. It is being restored and will be used as a museum.
Wassamasaw Tribe, Varnertown, South Carolina, in the Wassamassaw Swamp. They have gained state recognition and are 1500 strong. They are descendants of several allied tribes.
Mound-builder survivors: The Yuchi, Down Yonder, AKA Tsoyaha or Coyaha, Children of the Sun, have a rich ceremonial life. 1909 Big Turtle Dance and modern Old Folks Dance.
The Lumbee Tribe is located in Robeson County, North Carolina, with up to 100,000 living in the area. (likely some of my Pate family, a common Lumbee name). Their dialect is distinct from nearby white and black dialects.
Cuz—greeting used for a fellow Lumbee
Toten—smell, sound, vision betraying the presence of a spirit
The Natchez Nation was located from the lower Mississippi valley to South Carolina. After an 18th century war with France, their capital, Natchez, was destroyed, along with their mound-builder society, and the nation dispersed. The Capital of the Natchez Nation is now within the Cherokee Nation, with groups living with the Cherokee and Creek, as well as smaller groups with the Seminole, Sac & Fox, and others plus Natchez towns in South Carolina.
The Pamunkey tribe resides on a 1,200 acre reservation on the Pamunkey River, King William County, Virginia. They obtained federal recognition in 2016, so far 200 members have enrolled. They are one of the Powhatan tribes and are closely identified with Pocahontas. (19th century photos)
American Indians were once called Red Men—some think this is because of the Beothuk (Osa-ana) of Newfoundland who died their skin red at a religious ceremony at Red Indian Lake with a red root called Kop. Early explorers thought their skin was naturally red. These were likely the people the Vikings called Skraelings.